GENERAL INFORMATION
The serratus posterior superior is a muscle located in the chest region. It is part of the serratus posterior muscle group, along with the serratus posterior inferior. It is involved in the movements of the ribcage and contributes to respiration. Consequently, it plays a crucial role in breathing and thoracic mobility.
ORIGIN
This muscle originates from the spinous processes of the upper thoracic vertebrae, specifically from C7 to T3. Therefore, its origin points are well-positioned to support its function in rib elevation.
INSERTION POINT
The muscle inserts into the upper borders of the second to fifth ribs. Thus, its insertion points are essential for facilitating rib movement during breathing.
MAJOR ARTERIES
The serratus posterior superior receives its blood supply primarily from the intercostal arteries, which are branches of the thoracic aorta. Consequently, these arteries ensure that the muscle gets adequate blood flow to perform its functions effectively.
NEURAL INNERVATION
The muscle is innervated by the second to fifth intercostal nerves. Therefore, proper nerve function is essential for the activation and control of the muscle.
TRIGGER POINT
Trigger points can develop in the serratus posterior superior muscle, causing localised pain and tenderness. These trigger points can be associated with muscle overuse, poor posture, or muscle imbalances. As a result, addressing these trigger points through massage or other therapies can alleviate discomfort and improve muscle function.
CONCENTRIC FUNCTION
Contraction of the muscle results in the elevation and lateral movement of the upper ribs. It also expands the thoracic cavity during inhalation, making it essential for effective breathing.
ECCENTRIC FUNCTION
This muscle has a limited eccentric function during exhalation. It controls the descent and return of the upper ribs to their resting position, helping maintain stability during this process.
ISOMETRIC FUNCTION
Isometric contraction of the serratus posterior superior provides stability. It support to the upper ribs and contributes to maintaining proper posture. Therefore, it offers essential support during various physical activities.
RELATED MUSCLES (SCIENTIFIC NAMES)
- Serratus posterior superior: This muscle plays a crucial role in the elevation of the upper ribs, contributing to thoracic mobility and effective breathing.
ANTAGONIST MUSCLES
- External intercostal muscles: These muscles help in the elevation of the ribs during inhalation, opposing the action of the serratus posterior superior.
- Diaphragm: The primary muscle of respiration, it contracts to increase thoracic volume, working antagonistically to the rib-elevating action of the serratus posterior superior.
COMMON INJURIES
- Strains or sprains: Sudden or excessive twisting or bending movements can cause this type of injury, leading to sharp or dull pain in the upper back.
- Trigger points: Localised pain and discomfort due to muscle overuse or imbalances often manifest as tender spots that can radiate pain.
- Muscle imbalances: Weakness or tightness in surrounding muscles can lead to postural issues and pain, especially in the upper back and ribs.
EXERCISES
- Rows: Strengthen back muscles and indirectly engage the serratus posterior superior by promoting scapular retraction and stability.
- Lat pulldowns: Enhance overall back strength and support proper muscle function, especially targeting the latissimus dorsi and indirectly benefiting the serratus posterior superior.
- Planks: Maintaining a stable trunk and engaging the back muscles improves core stability and indirectly works the serratus posterior superior.
- Deadlifts: To promote upper back strength and stability, engage multiple muscle groups, including the serratus posterior superior, to maintain proper form.
- Face pulls: These target the upper back muscles and improve posture by promoting shoulder retraction and stability, indirectly engaging the serratus posterior superior.
STRETCHES
- Thoracic rotations: Rotating the upper body and increasing flexibility in the thoracic spine enhances thoracic mobility and indirectly stretches the serratus posterior superior.
- Chest stretches against a wall: Promote flexibility in the chest and back, indirectly stretching it and helping to improve posture.
- Foam roller exercises: Apply pressure along the spine and muscle groups to target the upper back and release tension in the muscle.
- Cat-Cow stretch: This exercise improves spine flexibility and reduces muscle tension by moving the spine through flexion and extension, indirectly stretching the serratus posterior superior.
- Seated twists: Increase thoracic mobility and stretch the upper back muscles by rotating the spine and enhancing flexibility in the thoracic and lumbar regions.