GENERAL INFORMATION
The Obliquus Capitis Inferior is a pivotal muscle in the suboccipital triangle, primarily responsible for stabilising the atlantoaxial joint (between the first two cervical vertebrae) and facilitating head rotation. Obliquus capitis inferior, although small, significantly influences head posture and mobility, which is crucial for rotational movements of the head, such as shaking ‘no’. As one of the deeper muscles in the neck, it plays an integral role in maintaining proper alignment and motion between the skull and spine, thus ensuring efficient biomechanical function and contributing to overall cervical spine health.
ORIGIN
The Obliquus Capitis Inferior originates from the spinous process of the axis (C2 vertebra), thereby providing a strong anchor for its actions on the cervical spine.
INSERTION POINT
It inserts into the inferior surface of the transverse process of the atlas (C1 vertebra). As a result, this positioning allows the muscle to effectively control the pivotal motions between these two cervical vertebrae.
MAJOR ARTERIES
The muscle receives its blood supply primarily from branches of the vertebral artery, thereby ensuring it remains well-nourished and functional.
NEURAL INNERVATION
Moreover, Obliquus capitis inferior is innervated by the suboccipital nerve, which arises from the cervical spinal segment (C1). This specific innervation is, therefore, vital for the precise motor control necessary for neck rotation.
TRIGGER POINT
Furthermore, trigger points in the Obliquus Capitis Inferior can contribute to localised pain and stiffness in the upper neck. As a result, this discomfort often extends to cause headaches and a limited range of motion in the cervical region.
CONCENTRIC FUNCTION
Concentric contraction of the Obliquus Capitis Inferior results in rotation of the head to the same side. This function is essential for daily activities that require looking to the side or over the shoulder.
ECCENTRIC FUNCTION
Eccentrically, it controls the slow return of the head to the central position, ensuring smooth movements and aiding in the deceleration of head rotation.
ISOMETRIC FUNCTION
Isometrically, Obliquus capitis inferior stabilises the atlas and axis during head movements, maintaining proper cervical alignment and supporting the head’s posture.
RELATED MUSCLE-SCIENTIFIC NAMES
- Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
- Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
- Obliquus Capitis Superior
ANTAGONIST
- Sternocleidomastoid (opposite side)
- Longus Colli
- Scalene Muscles
COMMON INJURIES
- Muscle Strain: Common in individuals who perform repetitive head rotation movements, causing pain and restricted motion.
- Neck Tension: Often resulting from prolonged static postures, leading to stiffness and discomfort in the neck area.
EXERCISES
- Head Rotations: Slowly rotate the head from side to side to engage and strengthen the Obliquus Capitis Inferior.
- Isometric Neck Holds: Press the back of the head against a fixed object without moving to build muscle endurance.
- Neck Rotation With Resistance: Use a hand for resistance while rotating the head to improve muscle strength and control.
- Cable Rotations: Attach a cable at head height and pull with gentle rotation to condition the neck muscles effectively.
- Dynamic Neck Circles: Perform controlled circular motions to enhance flexibility and endurance in the cervical muscles.
STRETCHES
- Suboccipital Release: Use a small ball or fingers to gently massage and release tension in the suboccipital area.
- Neck Rotation Stretch: Rotate the head to each side while applying gentle pressure to increase the stretch.
- Lateral Neck Stretch: Tilt the head to the side to stretch the neck muscles, enhancing lateral flexibility.
- Yoga Poses For Neck Mobility: Engage in poses that require gentle rotations and tilts of the head to improve range of motion.
- Foam Roller Neck Relax: Lie back on a foam roller positioned under the neck, and slowly turn the head side to side to massage and stretch the muscles.