GENERAL INFORMATION
The Longus Colli muscle is a vital yet often overlooked component of the deep cervical flexors group, situated on the anterior aspect of the cervical spine. Comprised of three distinct parts—superior oblique, inferior oblique, and vertical—this muscle is integral in supporting cervical spine stability and mobility. By facilitating neck flexion, rotation, and slight lateral bending, the Longus Colli contributes significantly to precise head movements and maintaining appropriate neck posture. Its role is particularly important in dynamic activities involving the neck and is instrumental in mitigating issues like chronic neck pain, often associated with sustained poor postures or repetitive motion.
ORIGIN
The Longus Colli has a complex origin spanning several vertebrae:
- Vertical Part: Arises from the anterior bodies of the third to sixth cervical vertebrae (C3-C6).
- Superior Oblique Part: Starts from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third to fifth cervical vertebrae (C3-C5).
- Inferior Oblique Part: Originates from the bodies of the first three thoracic and the last two cervical vertebrae (T1-T3 and C5-C7).
INSERTION POINT
This muscle has multiple insertion points that allow for its varied functions:
- Vertical Part: Inserts onto the anterior bodies of the second to fourth cervical vertebrae (C2-C4).
- Superior Oblique Part: Attaches to the anterior tubercles of the atlas (C1).
- Inferior Oblique Part: Connects to the transverse processes of the sixth cervical vertebra (C6).
MAJOR ARTERIES
The Longus Colli receives its blood supply predominantly from branches of the vertebral arteries. These arteries provide essential nutrients as well as oxygen, supporting the muscle’s continuous activity and health.
NEURAL INNERVATION
Branches from the cervical spinal nerves provide neural control over the Longus Colli. These nerves ensure precise coordination of the muscle during neck movements, enhancing both stability and mobility of the cervical spine.
TRIGGER POINT
Trigger points in the Longus Colli can lead to neck stiffness, discomfort, and referred pain that may extend towards the upper back or manifest as headaches, affecting overall mobility and quality of life.
CONCENTRIC FUNCTION
In its concentric action, the Longus Colli primarily performs neck flexion, drawing the chin towards the chest, and assists in rotating the head, which is crucial for looking over the shoulder or turning the head side to side.
ECCENTRIC FUNCTION
Eccentrically, the Longus Colli helps to control the extension and the return movement of the neck to its neutral position. This action is vital for smooth, controlled movements as well as for preventing abrupt movements that could lead to injury.
ISOMETRIC FUNCTION
Isometrically, the muscle maintains neck posture and alignment, which is particularly important during static postures like driving or computer work, preventing strain and supporting the cervical vertebrae.
RELATED MUSCLE-SCIENTIFIC NAMES
- Scalenes
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Trapezius
ANTAGONIST
- Splenius Capitis
- Splenius Cervicis
- Suboccipital muscles
COMMON INJURIES
- Muscle Strain: Typically results from acute overuse or sudden, unexpected movements, leading to sharp pain and restriction in neck movement.
- Postural Neck Pain: Often develops from long periods in static postures, leading to chronic discomfort and requiring proactive management.
EXERCISES
- Chin Tucks: An effective exercise for strengthening the Longus Colli, improving neck posture as well as stability.
- Wall Angels: Performed against a wall, this exercise helps strengthen the upper back and neck muscles, promoting better posture.
- Neck Rotations With Resistance: Using light resistance with a hand, rotate the head to enhance muscular endurance as well as flexibility.
- Supine Head Lifts: Lying flat, lift the head slightly off the ground, focusing on activating the Longus Colli to build strength.
- Theraband Pulls: Utilise a theraband fixed at head level to perform gentle pulls with neck flexion, strengthening the cervical muscles.
STRETCHES
- Neck Retraction Stretch: Useful for relieving tension in the Longus Colli by retracting the neck in a sitting or standing position.
- Lateral Neck Stretch: Bend the head towards each shoulder to gently stretch and relieve tightness in the neck muscles.
- Forward Neck Bend: To begin, bend the head forward in order to stretch the posterior neck muscles, thereby aiding in flexibility and providing relief from stiffness.
- Diagonal Neck Stretch: Combine lateral bending with gentle rotation to target and stretch various neck muscles effectively.
- Dynamic Neck Circles: Perform controlled, slow, circular movements with the head to increase mobility and alleviate muscle tightness.